Large language models — citation graph of key research

Explore the most influential research on large language models as an interactive citation graph on Constellation. The papers below are connected by direct citations and shared references — open any one to center the graph on it and discover related work.

Top papers on large language models

  1. ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education
    Enkelejda Kasneci, Kathrin Seßler, Stefan Küchemann et al. — 2023 · Learning and Individual Differences · 4,858 citations
  2. Large language models in medicine
    Arun James Thirunavukarasu, Darren Shu Jeng Ting, Kabilan Elangovan et al. — 2023 · Nature Medicine · 3,211 citations
  3. Large language models encode clinical knowledge
    Karan Singhal, Shekoofeh Azizi, Tao Tu et al. — 2023 · Nature · 3,070 citations
  4. A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models
    Yupeng Chang, Xu Wang, Jindong Wang et al. — 2024 · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · 2,386 citations
  5. Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models
    Tiffany H. Kung, Morgan Cheatham, Arielle Medenilla et al. — 2023 · PLOS Digital Health · 3,504 citations
  6. LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
    J. Edward Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis et al. — 2021 · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2,438 citations
  7. A Survey of Large Language Models
    Wayne Xin Zhao, Kun Zhou, Junyi Li et al. — 2026 · Frontiers of Computer Science · 1,401 citations
  8. Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models
    Wei, Jason, Yi Tay, Rishi Bommasani et al. — 2022 · arXiv (Cornell University) · 1,029 citations
  9. Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
    Mark Chen, Jerry Tworek, Heewoo Jun et al. — 2021 · arXiv (Cornell University) · 1,423 citations
  10. Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners
    Takeshi Kojima, Shixiang Gu, Machel Reid et al. — 2022 · arXiv (Cornell University) · 1,108 citations
  11. A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions
    Lei Huang, Weijiang Yu, Weitao Ma et al. — 2024 · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · 1,421 citations
  12. A survey on large language model based autonomous agents
    Lei Wang, Chen Ma, Xueyang Feng et al. — 2024 · Frontiers of Computer Science · 1,090 citations